45. Longevity:

धनाधनाख्ययोगौ च कथितौ भवता मुने ।
नराणामायुषो ज्ञानं कथयस्व महामते ! ॥ १ ॥

1. O Muni (Muni a profound thinker) you spoke of the Yogas (combinations) named as wealth giving and poverty-giving yogas. Now, O Sage, tell me of those yogas that determine the life span of men.

साधु पृष्टं त्वया विप्र ! जनानां च हितेच्छया ।
कथयाम्यायुषो ज्ञानं दुर्जेयं यत् सुरैरपि ॥ २ ॥

आयुर्ज्ञानविभेदास्तु बहुभिर्बहुधोदिताः ।
तेषां सारांशमादाय प्रवदामि तवाऽग्रतः ॥ ३ ॥

2-3. O Vipra, it was well asked by you and it was asked for the benefit of mankind and I will tell you of the methods of knowing longevity which are difficult to know even for the gods. There are various methods of knowing longevity and these have been described in various ways. I shall tell before you of these methods after making their summary.

स्वोच्चनीचादि-संस्थित्या ग्रहा आयुःप्रदायकाः ।
स्वस्ववीर्यवशैर्नैवं नक्षत्राणि च राशयः ॥ ४ ॥

पिण्डायुः प्रथमं तत्र ग्रहस्थितिवशादहम्ः ।
कथयामि द्विजश्रेष्ठ! श्रणुष्वेकाग्रामानसः ॥ ५ ॥

क्रमात् सूर्यादिखेटेषु स्वस्वोच्चस्थानगेष्विह ।
नन्देन्दवस्तत्त्वमितास्तिथयोऽर्का: शरेन्दवः ॥ ६ ॥

प्रकृत्यो विंशतिश्चाब्दा आयुःपिण्डाः प्रकीर्तिताः ।
नीचगेष्वेतदर्धञ्च ज्ञेयं मध्येऽनुपाततः ॥ ७ ॥

स्वोच्चशुद्धौ ग्रहः शोध्यः षड्भादूनो भमण्डलात् ।
स्वपिण्डगुणितो भक्तो भादिमानेन वत्सराः ॥ ८ ॥

4-8. PINDAYU : The planets are givers of longevity on the basis of their exaltation and debilitation signs. In the same way the Nakshtras and signs are also givers of longevity according to their strengths and weaknesses. O excellent of the Brahmins, the first of these which is the giver of longevity on the basis of the situation of the planets, is Pindayu. Now I tell you of it, you listen to me with single-mindedness. If the planets Sun etc remain in their deep exaltation, they have respectively 19, 25,15, 12, 15, 21 and 20 years as their Ayu: Pindas (give varshamaanas or value in terms of years for the planets). If the planets are in their deep debilitation their years should be known to be half of those described above and, if the planets are in between their deep exaltation and their debilitation, the extent of longevity should be understood to be in proportion. Deduct the deep exaltation sign of the planet whose longevity is to be known from his planetary position at the time of the native's birth. If the remainder is more than 6 signs then the remainder itself, or if it is less then 6 signs then deducting it from 12, the remaining signs etc. (either of the two) is to be multiplied by the assigned Varshamaana of the planet and it is to be divided by 12 (only the product of the signs will be divided by 12) and it gives the longevity of the planet in terms of year, months, days Ghatis and palas.

1.Yogaja and 2. Ganitagata. In the first kind - 'yogaja' longevity is found out by the special positions of the planets (planetary positions) in the horoscope. In this way, we can make a speculation only about the native's age. More reliable is that estimate of the native's age which is arrived at by mathematical calculations. It is found out in a number of ways as they have been spoken by different acharyas These are as follows.

1. Anshayu:

2. Pindayu.

3. Naisargika

4. Jeevayu

5. Mishrayu

The 5th one Mishrayu is the combination of the first four ways: Maharisi Parasara, first of all states the method known as Pindayu. The varshamaana of the planets Sun, Moon etc are fixed in this method. These are called the Ayus (or longevity) or the Ayupindas of the planets. These are as follows:

These maanas (values) of the planets are only when they are in their deep exaltation. As the planet moves ahead of the deep exaltation point his varshamaana also gets less and less and when he reaches his deep fall point he loses half part of his longevity. We have to calculate the longevity of the planet on the basis of his position at the time of birth.

Suppose our native's date of birth is 2-6-1951, time of birth IST 10-59-20 in the night, latitude of birth place 28°-43 and Longitude of birth place 77°-55,

The planetary position of the native at the time of birth is as follows:

Horoscope

According to the sloka, the deep exaltation point of the planet, whose longevity has to be known, should be deducted from the longtitude of that planet. If the remainder is less than 6 signs, it is to be deducted from 12, otherwise it should be taken as such. The remainder obtained in this way is to be multiplied by the fixed Varshamaana for the planet. The product is converted into Signs, degrees etc. The signs are to be divided by 12. The quotient will be obtained as years and the remainder as months; degrees, Kalas (minutes) and Vikalas (Seconds) will be respectively days Ghatis and palas.

Navamsha Horoscope

CHALIT (BHAVA HOROSCOPE)

Finding, out the Longevity of the Sun:

LONGITUDE OF BHAVAS

This (remainder) is less than 6 Signs.

Therefore it is to be deducted from 12.

The remainder is to be multiplied by the fixed Varshamaana for the Sun

(10 - 21° - 51' - 38") 19

Here only the signs, 203 will be divided by 12. The quotient so obtained will be the age in years of the planet. The remainder will be months and degrees, minutes and seconds will be respectively days, ghatis and palas.

20312=11 − 25 − 21 − 2 Remainder and 16 Quotient

Here the quotient comes to be 16 which will be the years; the remainder 11 will be the months, 25 days, 21 ghatis and 2 palas. Therefore the longevity of the Sun for the native will be.

2. Finding out the Longevity of the Moon:

Here the remainder is less than 6, therefore it will be deducted from 12 signs

The remainder is to be multiplied by the varshamaana 25 fixed for the moon

(11 - 23° - 47' - 25") 25 = 275 - 575 - 1175' - 625" or

294 - 24° - 45' - 25"

294 ÷ 12 = Quotient 24

Remainder = 6 - 24° - 45' - 25"

Therefore, the longevity of the Moon will be

3. Finding out the longevity of Mars:

This figure is more than 6 signs, so the remainder itself should be multiplied by the varshamaana of Mars.

= (8 - 13° - 31' - 59) 15

= 120 - 195° - 465' - 885" or

= 126 - 22° - 59' - 45"

= 126 ÷ 12 = 10 Quotient and 6 remainder

Therefore Mars' Longevity:

4. Finding out Mercury's longevity

This remainder is less than 6 signs.

Therefore it should be deducted from 12

It is multiplied by the Varshamaana of

= Mercury (12)

= (7 - 16° - 5'- 07") 12

= 84 - 192° - 60' - 84" or

= 90 - 13° - 1' - 24"

= 90 ÷ 12

= Quotient 7, remainder 6

Therefore Mercury's Longevity:

5. Finding, out Jupiter's Longevity:

This remainder is less than 6 signs. Therefore it will be deducted from 12

It will be multiplied by Jupiter's Varshamaana 15 (8 - 11° - 19' -53") 15

= 120 − 165° − 285' − 795" or

= 125 − 19° − 58' − 15"

=125 ÷ 12 = 10, Remainder 5

Therefore Jupiter's longevity.

6. Finding out Venus's longevity

This remainder is more than 6 signs.

Therefore it in itself will be multiplied by the Varshamaana Venus, 21

= (8 − 24° − 20' − 23") 21

= 168 − 504° − 420' − 483" or

= 185 − 1° − 8' − 3"

18512=15 Remainder 5

Therefore venus's Longevity:

7. Finding out Saturn's longevity

This remainder is less than 6 signs.

Therefore it will be deducted from 12

The remainder is to be multiplied by the Varshamaana of Saturn, 20

= (10 − 13° − 16' − 14") 20

= 200 − 260° − 320' − 280" or

= 208 − 25° − 24' − 40"

= 208 ÷ 12 = 17 Remainder 4

Therefore Saturn's longevity.

अस्तगस्तु हरेत्स्वार्ध विना शुक्रशनैश्चरौ ।
वक्रचारं विना त्र्यंशं शत्रुराशौ हरेद् ग्रहः ॥ ९ ॥

9. RECTIFICATIONS : Half of the longevity of the planets, except in the case of Venus and Saturn, is snatched away if the planet is combust. In the same way, if a planet is situated in an enemy's sign the third part of his longevity is reduced. However, this doesnot happen in the case of planet in retrogression.

The planet when he is in his enemy's sign loses 1/3 of his longevity. According to Parasara it is to be remembered that it is the Naisargika (Naturai) enmity friendliness of the planet that is considered when the context is the determination of their longevity.

Some learned writers on Astrology do not think the Shatrukshetra harana (reduction of longevity in the case of being in an enemy's sign) of Mars when he falls in an enemy's sign. These writers interpret the term 'vakra chaara' as Mars which is wrong. The term doesnot mean Mars, but Retrogression'.

सर्वार्धत्रिचतुःपञ्चषष्ठभागं क्रमाद् ग्रहः ।
व्ययाद्वामं स्थितः पापो हरेत् सौम्यक्श्च तद्दलम् ॥ १० ॥

एक भे तु बहुष्वेको हरेत्स्वांश बली ग्रहः ।
नाऽत्र क्षीणस्य चन्द्रस्य पापत्वं मुनिभिः स्मृतम् ॥ ११ ॥

10-11. DEDUCTIONS FOR PLANETS IN VISIBLE HALF: The malefics when they are situated in the Houses in reverse order (beginning from 12 and reaching 7) also get their longevity reduced respectively to full half, one third, one fourth, one fifth, and one sixth. Benefics so situated get it reduced only half of what the malefics lose. If in one house there are many planets, it is only the strongest of them that will get his longevity reduced to the measure stated above. The Munis (the deep thinkers) have not considered the Moon as a malefic in the context of finding out longevity.

लग्नांशलिप्तिका हत्वा प्रत्येकं विहगायुषा ।
भाज्या मण्डललिप्ताभिर्लब्धं वर्षादि शोधयेत् ॥ १२ ॥

स्वायुषो लग्नगे सूर्ये मङ्गले च शनैश्चरे ।
तदर्ध शुभसंदृष्टे पातयेद् द्विजसत्तम ! ॥ १३ ॥

12-13. MALEFICS IN THE ASCENDANT: The malefics, the Sun, Mars and Saturn having fallen in the Ascendant also get their longevity reduced in the above manner. In order to find out this reduction the degrees of the Ascendant are converted into Kalas (minutes) and these Kalas are multiplied by the longevity of each planet and the product is divided by 21600. The quotient in terms of years etc. is reduced from the longevity arrived at formerly of each of the planet. The resultant gives us the Sphasta Longevity. If there is the aspect of a benefic on the Ascendant, the one half of the Quotient is reduced.

Notes :- Besides the reductions in longevity stated above, there is one more reduction also. It is called Kroorodaya Harana (reduction in the longevity of a malefic). This Kroorodaya Harana occurs only in the 3 kinds of finding out the longevity. There is reduction in the longevity of the malefic planet occupying the Ascendant. If there are many malefics in the Ascendant, the reduction occurs only in the longevity of the strong planet. If the Ascendant Lord is a malefic and occupies the Ascendant, there is no reduction. If the malefic planet situated in the Ascendant gets the aspect of a benefic planet, the reduction is to be halved. Mercury even in conjunction with Malefics will be considered as a benefic planet in practice.

There are in all four kinds of reductions in knowing longevity in Pindayu. First all the reductions should be known. If there are more than one reductions in a planet, it is the highest reduction that is to be made. The other reductions will be negligible.

The reduction that occurs in the strongest of the benefic and malefic planets situated in a House is the reduction that counts.

लग्नराशिसमयाब्दा भागाद्यैरनुपाततः ।
मासादिका इतीच्छन्ति लग्नायुः केऽपि कोविदाः ॥ १४ ॥

लग्नादार्योऽशतुल्य: स्यादन्तरे चाऽनुपाततः ।
तत्पतौ बलसंयुक्ते राशितुल्यं, च भाधिपे ॥ १५ ॥

14-15. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ASCENDANT : According to some learned writers of Astrology the number of the sign (beginning from Aries) in the Ascendant is the number of years and the traversed degrees etc are number of months, days, ghatis and palas in proportion; and this will be the longevity of the Ascendant. But if the Navamsha Lord is stronger than the Ascendant Lord, then the number of the years will be the number of the Navamsha. If the Ascendant Lord of the Chandra Lagna is stronger than the Ascendant Lord, then the number of years will be the number of the sign in the Chandra Lagna (the Moon as the Ascendant).

Notes :- In order to find out the longevity of the Ascendant, the number of the sign in the Ascendant (beginning from Aries) is the number of years.

Thus if the Ascendant is 9-19°-4'-42", then the number of the years is 9. It means that one sign or 30° is equal to one year. Or there are 12 months in 30°. Or there is one month in 2.5 (30/12 = 2.5°).

If the remaining degrees etc are divided by 2.5° or 2° and 30 minutes, we shall know how many months, days, ghatis and palas will be there.

Therefore19° − 4' − 42" 2.5°

= 7 Months, 18 days, 59 ghatis and 34 palas

Therefore the Longevity of the ascendent :

We have known that half of the longevity of that planet who is combust is reduced. Venus and Saturn donot come under this rule: In our example Mars is combust. Therefore the Longevity of Mars will be halved.

10 years, 6 months, 22 days, 59 ghatis, 45 Palas2

= 5 years, 3 months, 11 days, 29 ghatis, 52 Palas and 30 Vipalas

The Second rectification is with regard to the planet who is in enemy's sign. Here it is the Sun and Venus who are in enemy's sign. We shall have to find out the third of the longevity of these two planets.

Reduction in the Longevity of the Sun -

16 years, 11 Months, 25 days, 21 ghatis, 2 Palas3

= 5 years, 7 months, 28 days, 28 ghatis, 20 Palas and 40 Vipalas.

Reduction in the longevity of Venus

=15 years, 5 months, 1 day, 8 ghatis, 3 palas3

= 5 years, 1 months, 20 days, 22 ghatis, 41 Palas.

If the planet is in Neutral's sign, there is no need of any rectification.

There are only 2 planets in the visible Half of the horoscope, Saturn and Venus. As Venus is in the 7th House, therefore she should be before the middle of the 7th House. For this we need Bhava spashta (Position of the House). We see that the beginning of the 7th House is 3 - 9° - 31' - 14.53" and the middle is 3 - 19° - 4' - 42". The visible part will be upto the middle of the House. Therefore, Venus will not be in the visible part of the House as the longitude of this planet is 3 - 2° - 39' - 37". Saturn in also in the 8th house in the Bhava Horoscope as his longitude is 5 - 3° - 16' - 14" and the limit of the 8th House is upto 5 - 11° - 24' - 20.45"

Therefore the 1/5th longevity of Saturn will be reduced.

Therefore, the reduction in the longevity of Saturn

=17 years, 4 months, 25 days, 24 ghatis, 40 palas5

= 3 years, 5 months, 23 days, 4 ghatis, 56 palas.

According to some learned writers on Astrology in order to know this reduction a different formula from Maharishi Parasara may be used. The reason behind this seems to be important, because a malefic planet will bring reduction in the longevity from the beginning to the end of the 12th House any where according to his position. The reduction will be in proportion to the position in the House. It means that the malefic planet will have full reduction in the longevity only at the end of the 12th House. The position of the planet before the end will cause reduction that will be less than 100%. The reduction will go on diminishing proportionately.

The following will be needed for this formula.

1. The distance of the planet from the beginning of the House.

2. The total length of the House.

3. The calculated longevity of the Planet.

4. The House in which the planet is situated.

The following steps are taken in order to know the loss of years.

1. The number of the House in which the planet is situated will be deducted from 14.

2. The length from the beginning of the House to the point where the planet is situated will be divided by the total length of the House.

3. The difference between step 1 and 2 will be made.

4. The calculated longevity of the planet will be divided by this step no 3.

The quotient will be the longevity that will be reduced. If the planet is a benefic the quotient will be halved and then the reduced longevity will be obtained. Mars and Saturn are not there in the Ascendant. Therefore, Kroorodaya Harana will not take place here. Now we calculate the real Longevity of the native whose Horoscope we gave.

Net Longevity of Planets

Therefore, the native will live a long life of 93 years, 0 months, 8 days, 13 ghatis, 17 palas and 50 vipalas.

A SIMPLER METHOD as under can also be focussed:

The preceding method of calculating Pindayu, apart from being cumbersome is time consuming. In this process, one is likely to commit error. It will be much simpler and convenient if the longitude of the planets are converted into fraction of digrees at first stage and thereafter the described method is followed. There will be a marginal difference in the end result and this too can be diminated f he decimal faction is extended beyond two points.

Let us take the longitude of SUN and convert it into fraction of decimal restricting upto two positions.

SUN : 15s - 18° - 8' - 22" [22" × 10060 = 0.37]

48° - 8'.37[8.37 × 10060 = 13.95 say 0.14°]

= 48.14 degrees

Similarly, the logitudes of the other planets are converted into fraction of degree from the first point of Aries sign.

FORMULA:

(Planet's Long - Exaltation Pt.) x No. of years assigned to the planet - 360 = Period contributed by the Planet.

i) If longitude of the planet is less than the point of deep exaltation, add 360° (12 signs) and then carry out the necessary deductions.

ii) If the difference between planet's longitude and exaltation point is less than 180°, it should be subtracted from 360° (12 signs). The period contributed by each planet (Sphuta Ayurvarsha) are worked out as under:

ASCENDANT'S CONTRIBUTION :

The procedure to ascertain the grant of Ascendant has been described in Slokas 14-15 and according to which one sign (30°) lends one full year to Sphuta Ayurvarsha.

The longitude of the Ascendant is 9s-19°- 4'-42".

The 9 signs will apportion 9 years. The fraction from 19° - 4 - 42" (19.08 degrees) will come to 19.08 - 30 (one sign) - 0.64 year there by totalling 9.64 years as the contribution of the Ascendant.

REDUCTIONS (HARANAS)

Now the various kinds of reductions as described earlier, are to be applied on the period obtained so far. (For Chakrapatha reduction the position of planets is taken from Bhava Chakra)

The 93.02 period is equal to 93 years, 0 months, 7days, 7hrs, 12 minutes. The period worked out through the earlier method is 93 years, 0 months, 8 days, 13 ghatis, 7 palas, 50 vipalas or 93 years, 0 month, 8 days, 5 hrs, 15 minutes, 8 sec. The difference is just about a day which is negligible. As explained earlier, this difference would likely to occur on account of restricting the calculations upto two points of decimal.

However, this nominal gap will not materially affect the result as even otherwise it is an approximation. None of the mehtods enunciated by the great sages and advocated by the learned Astrologers is capable of predicting the exact period of Longevity of the native. An astrologer may estimate the life span of an individual after employing number of methods but that in no way, could be exact because the death will take place during the period and sub-periods and transits of the planets which have acquired the power of inflicting the death (marakas).

अथ विप्र! निसर्गायुः खेटानां कथयाम्यहम् ।
चन्द्रारज्ञसितेज्यार्कशनीनां क्रमशोब्दका ॥ १६ ॥

एकद्वयंकनखा धृत्यः कृतिः पंचाशदेव हि ।
जन्मकालात् क्रमाज् ज्ञेया दशाश्चैता निसर्गजाः ॥ १७ ॥

16-17. NISARGAYU: O Vipra, now I speak of the Nisargayu of the planets. The Nisargayu of the planets Moon, Mars, Mercury Venus, Jupiter, the Sun and Saturn is, beginning from the time of the birth of the native, respectively 1, 2,9, 20, 18,20, and 50. It is considered to be their Naisargika Dasa also.

Notes :- As there were fixed Varshamaanas of the planets in the Pindayu, the Maharisi has fixed their Varshamaanas in Nisargayu also. In the edition of Thakur Prasad and Sons this has been added that these Varshamaanas are there when the planets are in their deep exaltation and these are halved when they are in the deep fall. As we arrive at the longevity in Pindayu by mathematical calculation, we arrive at it in Nisargayu also in the same way. The only difference is between the fixed varshamaanas of Pindayu and Nisargayu.

अथांऽशाय् सलग्नानां खेटानां कथयाम्यहम् ।
नवांशराशितुल्यानि खेटो वर्षाणि यच्छति ॥ १८ ॥

भादिं खगं खगैः सूर्यैर्हत्वा तद्धगणादिकम् ।
कृत्वाऽर्कशेषितं ज्ञेयमब्दाद्यंशायुषः स्फुटम् ॥ १९ ॥

18-19. ANSHAYU: Now I speak of the Anshayu of the planets along with the Ascendants. The planets give years equal to the number of Navamsha sign (counted from Aries). Therefore, multiply the longitude of the planet by 108. If the product comes to be more than 12, then deduct it from 12 or multiple of 12. That which is the resultant in signs, de etc is to be understood as the longevity of that planet in years, months etc.

Notes :- In this method the longevity of the planets and the Ascendant is found out on the basis of Navamsha sign. Navamsha is of 3°- 20' (200).

One Navamsha is regarded equal to one year. There are 108 Navamshas in 12 signs. The Maharisi says that Navamsha should be known in the traversed sign, degree etc. He has given the formula to know it:

Longitude of the Planet × 10812

The Navamshas arrived at in this way will give us the longevity of the planet. But here the longevity of the planet is not taken to be more than 12. Therefore, when the longevity exceeds 12, the longevity is deducted from 12 or a multiple of 12 and the remainder so arrived at becomes the longevity of the planet.

पिण्डायुरिव तत्रापि हानिं कुर्याद् विचक्षणः ।
अत्राऽपरो विशेषोऽपि कैम्चिद् विज्ञैरुदाहृतः ॥ २० ॥

साधितायु: खगे स्वोच्चे स्वर्क्षे वा त्रिगुणं स्मृतम् ।
द्विगुणं स्वनवांशस्थे स्वद्रेष्काणे तथोत्तमे ॥ २१ ॥

उभयत्र गते खेटे कार्य त्रिगुणमेव हि ।
हानिद्वयेऽर्धहानिः स्यादित्यायुः प्रस्फुटं नृणाम् ॥ २२ ॥

20- 22. The learned Astrologers has to make the same reductions here also as are made in Pindayu (that is, half for a combust planet, 1/3 for inimical placement and the ones due for placements in the half of the Zodiac counted from the 12th backwards). Some learned writers of Astrology have suggested some special corrections also for Anshayuradaya. Thus, the calculated longevity of the planet in his deep exaltation or in his own sign is tripled and the calculated longevity of the planet in his own Navamsha or in his own decanate is to be doubled. If there are both the conditions, (that is the planet is in his deep, exaltation and in his own Navamsha) the longevity is to be tripled only. And if there are both the losses (that is Half or one third both are there), it is only half the reduction that is to be taken. It is in this way that the Spashta Ayu (calculated longevity) of human beings is obtained.

Notes :- In Anshayu, additions are also made after making reductions:

Rules for Reductions: 1.If the planet is combust, there will be one half reduction of the longevity contributed by the planet.

2. If the planet is in enemy's sign, he will get his longevity reduced by one third.

3. There will be the Vyayadi Harana or reductions due to the planets being in the visible Half of the Zodiac beginning from the 12th House and reaching the 7th House.

Rules for Additions: 1. The longevity of the planet is tripled in his being in deep exaltation or in his own sign.

2. It is doubled in his being in his own Navamsha or in his own decanate.

If the condition arrives when the reductions are to be made in both ways, it (reduction) should be done according to rule no1. that is, it is only halved. In the same way additions are also made according to Rule No.1 that is the longevity is tripled in case the planet is in his own Navamsha or in his own exaltation. The Maharishi has not indicated about considering the Kroorodaya Harana.

एवं संसाध्य चान्येषां हन्यात् स्वस्वपरायुषा ।
नृणां परायुषा भक्तवा तेषामायुः स्फुटं भवेत् ॥ २३ ॥

23. LONGEVITY FOR OTHER LIVING BEINGS: The longevity of other living beings should be calculated in the same way. The longevity so arrived at is to be multiplied by the figure corresponding to his full span of life. The product is to be divided by the figure corresponding to the full span of life of human beings.

अथायुः परमं वक्ष्ये नानाजातिसमुद्भवम् ।
अनन्तसंख्यं देवानामृषीणां च द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ २४ ॥

गृधोलूक-शुकध्वांक्ष-सर्पाणां च सहस्रकम् ।
श्येन-वानर-भल्लूक-मण्डूकानां शतत्रयम् ॥ २५ ॥

पंचाशदुत्तरशतं राक्षसानां प्रकीर्तितम् ।
नराणां कुञ्जराणां च विशोत्तरशतं तथा ॥ २६ ॥

द्वात्रिंशद् घोटकानाञ्च पंचविंशत् खरोष्ट्रयोः ।
वृषाणां महिषाणां च चतुर्विशतिवत्सरम् ॥ २७ ॥

विंशत्यायुर्मयूराणां छागादीनां च षोडश ।
हंसानां पंचनव च पिकानां द्वादशाब्दकाः ॥ २८ ॥

शुनां पारावतानां च, कुक्कुटानां समाष्टकम् ।
बुद्बुदाद्यण्डजानां च परायुः सप्त वत्सराः ॥ २९ ॥

24-29. O excellent of the Brahmins, now I tell you of the full span of longevity of the various other living beings. The longevity of the gods and the Risis (Sages) is endless. The full span of life of eagles, owls, parrots, crows and snakes is one thousand years, Falcons, monkeys, bears and frogs, the span of life of these is three hundred years. The life span of Rakshasas (demons) has been said to be of 150 years, of human beings and of elephants 120 years, of horses 32 years, of donkeys and camels 25 years, of oxen and buffaloes 24 years, of peacock 20 years, of goats and rams 16 years, of swans 14 years, of cuckoos, dogs and doves 12 years, of hens etc 8 years and of birds nightingales etc that are born of eggs 7 years.

25 × 80 years, 8months and 20 days120=The real Longevity of the camel.

यदेतदधुना प्रोक्तं त्रिधायुर्द्विजसत्तम! ।
तेषु किञ्च कदा ग्राह्यमिति ते कथयाम्यहम् ॥ ३० ॥

विलग्नपे बलोपेते शुभदृष्टेंऽशसम्भवम् ।
रवौ पिंडोद्भवं ग्राह्यं चन्द्रे नैसर्गिकं तथा ॥ ३१ ॥

30-31. CHOICE OF LONGEVITY: O excellent of the Brahmins, I have narrated to you the three different methods of Longevity. Now I speak to you as to which of them is to be adopted and when. If the Ascendant Lord is the strongest of the Ascendant Lords, the Sun and the Moon and he is aspected by a benefic, the method adopted will be Anshayu, if it is the Sun Pindayu and, if it is the Moon Nisargayu.

बलसाम्ये द्वयोर्योगदलमायुः प्रकीर्तितम् ।
त्रयाणां त्रियुतेस्त्र्यंशसमं ज्ञेयं द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ३२ ॥

32. DOUBTFUL CASES: O excellent of the Brahmins, if two among these three- the Ascendant, the Sun and the Moon are equally strong, the Longevity is found out by using both the methods and the average of both is taken. If all the three are equally strong, the average of all the three is to be considered.

अथाऽन्यदपि वक्ष्यामि श्रृणु त्वं द्विजसत्तम! ।
कैश्चिल्लग्नाष्टमेशाभ्यां मन्देन्दुभ्यां तथैव च ॥ ३३ ॥

लग्नहोराविलग्नाभ्यां स्फुटमायुः प्रकीर्तितम् ।
आदौ लग्नाष्टमेशाभ्यां योगमेकं विचिन्तयेत् ॥ ३४ ॥

द्वितीयं मन्दचन्द्राभ्यां योगं पश्येद् द्विजोत्तम ।
लग्नहोराविलग्नाभ्यां तृतीयं परिचिन्तयेत् ॥ ३५ ॥

चरराशौ स्थितौ द्वौ चेत् तदा दीर्घमुदाहृतम् ।
एक: स्थिरेऽपरो द्वन्द्वे दीर्घमायुस्तथापि हि ॥ ३६ ॥

एकश्चरे स्थिरेऽन्यश्चेत् तदा मध्यमुदाहृतम् ।
द्वौ वा द्वन्द्वे स्थितौ विप्र ! मध्यमायुस्तथापि च ॥ ३७ ॥

एकश्चरेऽपरो द्वन्द्वे द्वौ वा स्थिरगतौ तदा ।
जातकस्य तदाऽल्पायुर्ज्ञेयमेवं द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ३८ ॥

योगत्रयेण योगाभ्यां सिद्धं यद् ग्राह्यमेव तत् ।
योगत्रयविसंवादे लग्नहोराविलग्नतः ॥ ३९ ॥

लग्ने वा सप्तमे चन्द्रे ग्राह्यं मन्देन्दुतस्तदा ।
हासो वृद्धिश्च कक्ष्याया विचिन्त्या सर्वदा बुधैः ॥ ४० ॥

33-40. O excellent of the Brahmins, now, I speak of the other methods of finding out Longevity also, listen to me. Some of the writers on Astrology have found out the extent of Longevity by means of the Ascendant Lord, the 8th Lord, Saturn and the Moon and the Natal Ascendant and the Hora Ascendant. Of these Of excellent of the Brahmins, the first yoga that is to be considered is by means of the Ascendant Lord and the 8th Lord, the second one is by means of Saturn and the Moon and, the third one is by means of the Natal Ascendant and the Hora Ascendant. If the two (the Ascendant Lord and the 8th Lord or Saturn and the Moon and the Ascendant and the Hora Ascendant) are in movable sign /signs the native's life should be predicted as long. If one of the planets is in a fixed sign and the other in dual sign, it also denotes long life. If one of the planets is in a movable sign and the other in a fixed one, it will give medium life. If both are in a dual signs, it also denotes medium life. One in a movable sign and the other in a dual sign or both in fixed signs, O excellent of the Brahmins, certainly gives a short life to the native. That Longevity is to be accepted which is found by all three methods or by two. If the three groups denote three different scales then the one which is indicated by the pair of Natal Ascendant and the Hora Ascendant is to be accepted. But if in such a condition there is the Moon in the Ascendant or in the 7th House, the longevity determined by means of Saturn and the Moon is to be considered. The wise should also consider the decline or the increase in the classes of the planets.

The first class- the Lord of natal ascendant and the 8th Lord.

The 2nd class: Saturn and the Moon.

The 3rd class: the natal and the Hora Ascendant (Hora Lord-the Ishatkarala is multiplied in by 2 and the product is divided by 5 and the signs, degrees etc that are arrived at are added to the surya spashta or the Longevity of the Sun and what is got in this way is called the Hora Lagna). The details of Hora Lagna have been given in Chapter 6 slokas 4-5. There are two means of knowing Longevity in every class. In knowing Longevity when we study of two means, both of them should be of the same class. For example: To know whether the native will have long life, the two means that is the Lord of the Natal Ascendant and the 8th Lord-both should be in movable sign or signs. They may be situated in one movable sign or in 2 movable signs or one of them should be in a fixed sign and the other in a dual sign- it will also give long life.

If both these conditions are fulfilled by the means of the 2nd class that is Saturn and the Moon, it will also give long life.

And the means of the 3rd class-the Natal Ascendant and the Hora Ascendant fulfilling these two conditions will also give long life to the native.

When the medium life is considered, the two means will also have to be taken into consideration. Both the means of any class. should have these positions to give long life: One in a movable and the other in a fixed sign or both in dual sign/signs.

In the consideration of short life, one of them should be in a movable and the other in a dual sign or both should be in fixed sign/signs.

When considering longevity in the above mentioned three ways, if the same span of longevity is obtained (that is either long or medium or short span of life), that very span is accepted. If the same span is obtained by means of two classes and another span is obtained by means of the 3rd class, then the span given by two means is to be accepted. And if 3 different spans are obtained by all the 3 classes, then the one given by the means of the Natal and Hora Ascendant is to be accepted: However the Moon should not be in the Ascendant or in the 7th House. In that case the span given by the Natal and the Hora Ascendant will not be accepted. In such a condition the span given by the class of Saturn and the Moon will be acceptable. Lastly, the Maharisi says that in the consideration of longevity the decline and increase in the class of planets are also to be taken into account. He is about to say something more in this respect and so it will be more proper to clear it there.

दीर्घे योगत्रयेणैवं नखचन्द्रसमाब्दकाः ।
योगद्वयेन वस्वाशा योगैकेन रसांककाः ॥ ४१ ॥

मध्ये योगत्रयेणैवं खाष्टतुल्याब्दका: स्मृताः ।
द्वयगा योगद्वयेनाऽत्रयोगैकेनाब्धिषण्मिताः ॥ ४२ ॥

अल्पे योगत्रयेणाऽत्रद्वात्रिंशन्मितवत्सराः ।
योगद्वयेन षट्त्रिंशत् योगैकेन च खाब्धयः ॥ ४३ ॥

एवं दीर्घसमाल्पेषु खाब्धयो रसवह्नयः ।
खण्डा दन्तमितास्तेभ्यः स्फुटमायुः प्रसाधयेत् ॥ ४४ ॥

41-44. FURTHER CLARIFICATIONS : If long life is denoted by all the 3 said groups the span of life is 120 years; if by 2 groups it is 108 years and if only by one group it is 96 years. If medium life is denoted by all the 3groups, it is 80 years, if 12 groups it is 72 years and if by one group it is 64 years. If short life is denoted by all the 3 groups it is only 32 years, if by 2 groups it is 36 years and, if by one group it is 40 years. Long life etc denoted in this way gives 40, 36 and 32 contributors. The Spashta Ayu (longevity) is to be known by these contributors.

Notes :- The Maharisi has told the number of years in the spans of long, medium and short life on the basis of classes.

Spashta Ayu (Longevity) is known by mathematical calculations according to all the 3 kinds in which mathematical calculations have to be done on the basis of the spans of life, long etc mentioned above from the lowest limits of 40, 36 and 32.

पूर्ण राश्यादिगे चान्ते हानिर्मध्येऽनुपाततः ।
योगकारकखेटांशयोगस्तत्संख्यया हृतः ॥ ४५ ॥

लब्धांशास्तु यथाप्राप्तखण्डघ्नास्त्रिंशतोद्धृताः ।
लब्धवर्षादिभिर्होनं प्राप्तायुः प्रस्फुटं भवेत् ॥ ४६ ॥

45-46. RECTIFICATIONS : If the yoga karaka planet is in the beginning of a sign then his contribution will be full and if he is at the end of a sign it will be nil (loss of life). When the yoga karaka planet is in the middle of a sign, longevity is to calculated proportionately. Thus the degrees etc. of all the yoga karaka planets are added and the total of all is divided by the number of the yoga karaka planets. The degrees etc. so obtained are to be multiplied by the obtained division (contributor obtained according to sloka 44) and the product is divided by 30 and the quotient so obtained in years etc is subtracted from the number of years of Ayurdaya, long, medium and short, and it will give Spashta Ayu (Longevity of the native).

1. First of all it is to be determined whether the span of life of the native is long or medium or short. Suppose in the first group the Lord of the natal ascendant and the 8th Lord occupy a movable sign and a dual sign respectively. Therefore according to sloka 38 it will be Alpayu yoga or short life span.

Again, suppose the Hora Ascendant is of a movable sign and there is a fixed sign in the ascendant, then it is medium life span (according to sloka 37).

In the 3rd group, suppose Saturn and the Moon are respectively in a fixed and a movable sign, therefore the span of life in medium (according to sloka no.37).

Therefore, the span of life will be medium as it is obtained according to 2 groups.

2. All the planets or the Ascendants that contribute to give medium life span will be called yoga karakas (combination forming planets). Here, the Hora and the Natal Ascendant, Saturn and the Moon will be yoga karakas. These will be four in number. The degrees, kalas etc. of all these four will be added together.

3. The total will be divided by the number of yoga karakas which is 4.

4. The quotient is arrived at will prove medium life span in 2 ways. Therefore it will be multiplied by 36 (as per the 3 contributors of 40 is long life, 36 in medium life and 32 in short life span).

5. The product obtained is divided by 30 and the quotient will be in years, months etc.

6. The quotient obtained in years, months etc will be deducted from the medium life span which is 72 years, (as the medium life span is arrived at as per two groups, therefore the life span here will be 72 years). The figure so arrived at will be the longevity of the native.

योगहेतौ शनौ कक्ष्याहासोऽन्यैर्वृद्धिरुच्यते ।
न स्वर्क्षतुङ्गगे नो वा पापमात्रयुतेक्षिते ॥ ४७ ॥

47. SPECIAL RULE FOR SATURN : If Saturn is a yoga karaka planet, the class of longevity declines: But some learned astrologers say that it will increase. But if Saturn is in his exaltation or own sign it will cause neither decline nor increase of the class or if he is in conjunction or has the aspect of a malefic, it will also cause neither decline nor increase.

लग्नसप्तमगे जीवे शुभमात्रयुतेक्षिते ।
कथितस्यायुषो विप्र! कक्ष्यावृद्धि प्रजायते ॥ ४८ ॥

48. SPECIAL RULE FOR JUPITER : If Jupiter occupies the Ascendant or the 7th House and if he is in conjunction with or is aspected by a benefic it will cause the increase of the class.

अनायुश्चेद् भवेदल्पमल्पान्मध्यं प्रजायते ।
मध्यमाज्जायते दीर्घ दीर्घायुश्चेत्ततोऽधिकम् ॥ ४९ ॥

योगहेतौ गुरावेवं कक्ष्यावृद्धेश्च लक्षणम् ।
एतस्माद् वैपरीत्येन कक्ष्याह्रासः शनौ भवेत् ॥ ५० ॥

49-50. INCREASE AND FALL IN THE CLASS OF LONGEVITY : If there is the increase in the class of Longevity, then in Anayu (Heenayu) or shorter life span than even Alpayu or short life span there will be Alpayu; in Alpayu there will be Madhyayu or medium life span; in Madhyayu there will be Deerghayu or long life span and; in Deerghayu there will be a greater life span even than Deerghayu or long life span, it will be Amitayu. In this way if Jupiter is a yoga karaka planet there is the increase in the class of longevity and if Saturn is a yoga karaka planet there is the decline in the class of longevity.

आयुषो बहुधा भेदाः कथिता भवताऽधुना ।
कतिधा सा कदाऽनायुरमितायुः कदा भवेत् ॥ ५१ ॥

51. (Maitreya says) : You have told of the various kinds of longevity computations. Now kindly tell me of how many kinds these spans are and when there will be Anayu (life span shorter even than short life span) or when there will be Amitayu (life span longer even than long life span).

बालारिष्टं योगारिष्टमल्पं मध्यञ्च दीर्घकम् ।
द्विव्यं चैवाऽमितं चैवं सप्तधायुः प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ ५२ ॥

52. Parasara replies: Balarishta, Yogarishta, Alpa, Madhya, Deergha, Divya and Amita (Death in childhood in youth, short, medium, long, supernatural and illimitable respectively) are the seven kinds of longevity computations.

बालारिष्टे समा अष्टौ योगारिष्टे च विंशतिः ।
द्वात्रिंशद् वत्सरा अल्पे चतुष्षष्टिस्तु मध्यमे ॥ ५३ ॥

विंशाधिकशतं दीर्घे दिव्ये वर्षसहस्रकम् ।
तदूर्ध्वममितं पुण्यैरमितैराप्यते जनैः ॥ ५४ ॥

53-54. The life span in Balarishta is 8 years, in Yogarishta it is 20 years, in Alpayu 32, in Madhyayu 64, in Deerghaya 120, in Divyayu 1000 years and more than the Divyayu span there is the Amitayu one which is acquired by doing limitless deeds of merit.

चन्द्रेज्यौ च कुलीरांगे ज्ञसितौ केन्द्रसंस्थितौ ।
अन्ये त्र्यायारिगाः खेटा अमितायुस्तदा भवेत् ॥ ५५ ॥

55. LIMITLESS LONGEVITY: If the Ascendant is Cancer, there are Moon and Jupiter in the Ascendant, Mercury and Venus are in an angle and the Sun, Mars and Saturn are in 3-6-11 Houses, the combination so formed is Amitayu combination conferring limitless longevity.

सौम्याः केन्द्रत्रिकोणस्था: पापास्त्र्यायारिगास्तथा ।
शुभराशौ स्थिते रन्ध्रे दिव्यामायुस्तदा भवेत् ॥ ५६ ॥

56. SUPERNATURAL LONGEVITY: If all the benefics are in angles and trines, all the malefics in 3-6-11 Houses and there is the sign of a benefic planet in the 8th House, the combination will be Divyayu or supernatural longevity.

गोपुरांशे गुरौ केन्द्रे शुक्रे पारावतांशके ।
त्रिकोणे कर्कटे लग्ने युगान्तायुस्तदा द्विज ! ॥ ५७ ॥

57. LIVING TILL THE END OF YUGA : If Jupiter being in Gopuramsha occupies an angle and Venus, being in Paravatamsha occupies a trine, and the Ascendant is Cancer, the native will live till the end of yuga.

देवलोकांशके मन्दे कुजे पारावतांशके ।
गुरौ सिंहासनांशेऽङ्गे जातो मुनिसमो भवेत् ॥ ५८ ॥

58. LIVING THE LIFE OF A SAGE : If Saturn is in Devalokamsha, Mars in Paravatamsha and Jupiter being in Simhasanamsha occupies the Ascendant, the native gets life as long as that of a Sage.

सुयोगैर्वर्धते ह्यायुः कुयोगैर्होयते तथा ।
अतो योगानहं वक्ष्ये पूर्णमध्याल्पकारकान् ॥ ५९ ॥

59. Good combinations of planets in the Horoscope increase the life span and bad ones decrease the same (even the Longevity arrived at by mathematical calculations). Therefore, I tell you of yogas (combinations) causing long life, medium life and short life.

केन्द्रे शुभग्रहैर्युक्ते लग्नेशे च शुभान्विते ।
सन्दृष्टे गुरुणा वाऽपि पूर्णमायुस्तदा भवेत् ॥ ६० ॥

60. If all the benefics are in an angle and the Ascendant Lord is in conjunction with a benefic or is aspected by Jupiter, the native will live a full span of life.

केन्द्रस्थिते विलग्नेशे गुरुशुक्रसमन्विते ।
ताभ्यां निरीक्षिते वाऽपि पूर्णमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६१ ॥

61. If the Ascendant Lord is in conjunction with or aspected by Jupiter and Venus and occupies an angle, the native will have full span of life.

उच्चस्थितैस्त्रिभिः खेटैर्लग्नरन्ध्रेशसंयुतैः ।
अष्टमें पापहीने च पूर्णमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६२ ॥

62. If three planets in which the Ascendant Lord and the 8th Lord are included are exalted, and the 8th House is devoid of a malefic, the longevity span of the native be predicted as full life span.

अष्टमस्थैस्त्रिभि खेटैः स्वोच्चमित्रस्ववर्गगैः ।
लग्नेशे बलसंयुक्ते दीर्घमायुस्तदा भवेत् ॥ ६३ ॥

63. If three planets in their exaltation, own or friend's sign are situated in the 8th House and the Ascendant Lord is also endowed with strength, the native will have long life.

स्वभोच्चस्थेन केनापि नभोगेन समन्वितः ।
अष्टमेशः शनिर्वापि दीर्घमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६४ ॥

64. If the 8th Lord or Saturn are in conjunction with any exalted planet in his own sign, the prediction should be long life of the native.

त्रिषडायगतैः पापैः शुभैः केन्द्रत्रिकोणगैः ।
लग्नेशे बलसंयुक्ते दीर्घमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६५ ॥

65. If the malefics are in 3-6-11 and the benefics are in angles and trines and the Ascendant Lord is endowed with strength, full life span for the native should be predicted.

षट्सप्तरन्ध्रभावेषु शुभख्रेटयुतेषु च ।
त्रिभवेषु च पापेषु पूर्णमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६६ ॥

66. If in the 6th, 7th and 8th House there are benefics, and in the 3rd and 11th House there are malefics, the native will have full span of life.

शत्रुव्ययगताः पापा लग्नेशो यदि केन्द्रगः ।
रविमित्रं च रन्ध्रेशः चूर्णमायुस्तथापि हि ॥ ६७ ॥

67. If the malefics occupy the 6th and the 12th House, the Ascendant Lord is in an angle and the 8th Lord is a friendly planets to the Sun, the native will have full span of life.

आयु: स्थानस्थिताः पापा: कर्मेश: स्वोच्चगो यदा ।
तथापि दीर्घमायु स्याद् विज्ञेयं द्विजसत्तम! ॥ ६८ ॥

68. O excellent of the Brahmins, if the malefics occupy the 8th House and the 10th Lord is exalted, the native will have long life.

द्विस्वभावगृहे लग्ने लग्नेशे केन्द्रसंस्थिते ।
स्वोच्चराशित्रिकोणे वा दीर्घमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ६९ ॥

69. If the Ascendant is occupied by a dual sign and the Ascendant Lord is situated in an angle, or in exaltation or in own sign or in a trine, long life will follow.

द्विस्वभावगृहे लग्ने लग्नेशाद् बलसंयुतात् ।
द्वौ पापौ यदि केन्द्रस्थौ दीर्घमायुस्तदा भवेत् ॥ ७० ॥

70. If the Ascendant is occupied by a dual sign and two malefics are in an angle from the strong Ascendant Lord, then there will be long life for the native.

लग्नाष्टमेशयोर्मध्ये यः खेट प्रबलो भवेत् ।
तस्मिन् केन्द्रगते केन्द्रगते दीर्घं मध्यं पणफरस्थिते ॥ ७१ ॥

आपोक्लिमे स्थिते स्वल्पमायुर्भवति निश्चितम् ।
लग्नेशे च स्वेर्मित्रे दीर्घमायुः समे समम् ॥ ७२ ॥

शत्रौ स्वल्पं वदेदित्यमष्टमेशादपि स्मृतम् ।
मित्रमध्याऽरिभावस्थे तस्मिन्नेवं फलं वदेत् ॥ ७३ ॥

71-73. If the stronger of the Ascendant and the 8th Lord occupies an angle, the life span will be long, if he occupies a panphar House it will be medium and, if an Apoklima House it will be short.

If the Ascendant Lord is the Sun's friend, the life span will be long, if he is neutral it will be medium and, if he is an enemy it will be short.

The same prediction should be made in the same way from the 8th Lord as they have been made from the Ascendant Lord. And if they (the Ascendant and the 8th Lord) are in their friend's sign, the life span should be predicted as long, in neutral's sign medium and in enemy's sign short.

सहजाधीशभूपुत्रौ द्वौ रन्ध्रेशशनैश्चरौ ।
अस्तौ वा पापदृग्यूक्तौ स्वल्पमायुः प्रयच्छतः ॥ ७४ ॥

74. If the 3rd Lord and Mars or the 8th Lord and Saturn both are combust or if they are in conjunction with or aspected by malefics the native will have short life.

षष्ठेऽष्टमे व्यये वाऽपि लग्नेशे पापसंयुते ।
स्वल्पायुरनपत्यो वा शुभदृग्योगवर्जिते ॥ ७५ ॥

75. If the Ascendant Lord along with a malefic occupies, the 6th, 8th or the 12th House and is devoid of the conjunction or aspect of a benefic, the native will have short life or will have no issue.

चतुष्टयगते पापे शुभदृष्टिविवर्जिते ।
बलहीने विग्लनेशे स्वल्पमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ७६ ॥

76. If the angles are occupied by malefics and are devoid of the aspect of a benefic, and the Ascendant Lord is weak, then, short life is to be predicted.

व्ययार्थौ पापसंयुक्तौ शुभदृग्योगवर्जितौ ।
स्वल्पमायुस्तदा ज्ञेयं निर्विशंकं द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ७७ ॥

77. If the 2nd and the 12th House are occupied by malefics and donot have the yoga of the aspect of the benefics, then O excellent of the Brahmins, short life without having any doubt should be understood.

लग्नरन्ध्रेशयोरेवं दुःस्थयोर्बलहीनयोः ।
स्वल्पमायुर्बुधैर्ज्ञेयं मिश्रयोगाच्च मध्यमम् ॥ ७८ ॥

78. In the same way if the Ascendant Lord and the 8th Lord are situated in evil Houses and are bereft of strength, the learned Astrologers should know the native's life as short and medium if the yoga karaka planets are both benefics and malefics.